Neoclassical

Neoclassical FURNITURE........................Illustrated Architecture Dictionary ........................ Greek temples

Neoclassicism / Classical Revival
1760-1940

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Neoclassicism - Terminology

Neoclassicism/Neoclassical
(Neo-Classical) Literally: "New Classicism."
European and American architecture style inspired by Classical Greek - and especially Roman - ruins.

Georgian Four King Georges in England. George III ruled England when Neoclassicism was popular.

Georgian Neoclassical Neoclassicism named after George III in England. Encompasses both Palladian and Adamesque Neoclassical styles.

Palladian Neoclassical Earlier version of European Neoclassicism based on the books of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio who studied Roman ruins in Italy.

Adam style/Adamesque Later version of European Neoclassicism based on Robert's Adam's studies of excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii.

Colonial Styles of architecture during America's colonial period, i.e., before the Revolutionary War. The most prominent style was Georgian because most the colonies were English owned.

Federal The American term for Adamesque after the Revolutionary War. "Federal" is a a patriotic term.

Roman Classicism/ / Jeffersonian Classicism / Classic(al) Revival American Neoclassical substyle inspired by Andrea Palladio's books. Thomas Jefferson owned three copies of Palladio's books and used Palladian ideals in designing Monticello, etc.

This vision of Neoclassicism competed with the simpler Federal style.

Beaux-Arts Classicism A very rich, lavish and heavily ornamented classical style taught at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in the 19th century. Influenced the last phase of Neoclassicism in the United States.

Neoclassical Monumental Architecture Government-sponsored public buildings during the Great Depression, esp. in Germany and Russia, but also in the US. Inspired by Classical Roman architecture.

Examples from Buffalo architecture:

Right illustration above: Albright-Knox Art Gallery Temple Front

Buffalo & Erie County Historical Society Museum Temple Front

Forest Lawn Cemetery Administration Building Temple Front

M&T Branch Bank, 133 Grant St. Temple Front

Photo: 1036 Broadway Temple Front

Dickinson Jewelry Store

Tracy Monument, Forest Lawn

Butler Mausoleum, Forest Lawn

Knox Mausoleum, Forest Lawn

Letchworth-Skinner Mausoleum, Forest Lawn

Federal style examples

Greek Revival examples

Adamesque examples

Georgian Revival examples

8-line panel motif - Hedstrom Gate House barn

8-line panel motif - Buffalo Museum of Science

Other examples:

Supreme Court Building, Washington, DC Temple Front

Photo: Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. Temple Front

Monticello Roman Classicism inspired by Palladianism

University of Virginia Roman Classicism inspired by Palladianism

Switzerland - Cathédral St. Pierre, Geneva Temple Front

Left illustration above: England - Portland Place, London Adamesque

Britain - Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, Scotland Adamesque

Britain - The Circus, Bath England Palladianian inspired

France - Fontainebleau

France - Panthéon, Paris

Germany - Interior - Residence Museum, Munich

Poland - Church of St. Anne, Warsaw

Poland - 32 Krakowskie, Warsaw

Russia - Yusupov Palace, St. Petersburg

Russia - Hermitage Theatre of Classical Russian Ballet

Russia - Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

**Neoclassicism - Terminology**
Neoclassicism/Neoclassical (Neo-Classical)	Literally: "New Classicism." European and American architecture style inspired by Classical Greek - and especially Roman - ruins.
Georgian	Four King Georges in England. George III ruled England when Neoclassicism was popular.
Georgian Neoclassical	Neoclassicism named after George III in England. Encompasses both Palladian and Adamesque Neoclassical styles.
Palladian Neoclassical	Earlier version of European Neoclassicism based on the books of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio who studied Roman ruins in Italy.
Adam style/Adamesque	Later version of European Neoclassicism based on Robert's Adam's studies of excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii.
Colonial	Styles of architecture during America's colonial period, i.e., before the Revolutionary War. The most prominent style was Georgian because most the colonies were English owned.
Federal	The American term for Adamesque after the Revolutionary War. "Federal" is a a patriotic term.
Roman Classicism/ / Jeffersonian Classicism / Classic(al) Revival	American Neoclassical substyle inspired by Andrea Palladio's books. Thomas Jefferson owned three copies of Palladio's books and used Palladian ideals in designing Monticello, etc. This vision of Neoclassicism competed with the simpler Federal style.
Beaux-Arts Classicism	A very rich, lavish and heavily ornamented classical style taught at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in the 19th century. Influenced the last phase of Neoclassicism in the United States.
Neoclassical Monumental Architecture	Government-sponsored public buildings during the Great Depression, esp. in Germany and Russia, but also in the US. Inspired by Classical Roman architecture.