Cross

Illustrated Architecture Dictionary

Cross

Ankh: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyph - a cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top.

Celtic cross: A Latin cross with a circle superimposed on its center

☧ Chi-Rho: Formed by superimposing the first two letters in the Greek spelling of the word Christ: chi = ch and rho = r, in such a way to produce the monogram. Although not technically a cross, the Chi Rho invokes the crucifixion of Jesus as well as symbolizing his status as the Christ.

Cross bottony: Cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil. In heraldry, bottony refers to a symbol having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end.

Crucifix: A cross with a representation of Jesus' body hanging from it. A Middle English term derived from the Latin, meaning "fastened to a cross."

Eastern Orthodox: A cross with three cross beams. The second cross-bar at top is for the INRI inscription; the bottom cross-bar is His footrest.
AKA the Byzantine, Greek Orthodox, Macedonian, Russian, Slavic, Slavonic or Ukraine Cross

Greek cross: A cross with four equal arms at right angles. See also: Iconography in Art and Architecture: Greek cross

Latin cross (Christian cross): A cross consisting of a vertical bar intersected by a shorter horizontal one above its midpoint. Believed to be of the style on which Jesus died. The cross as a Christian symbol or "seal" came into use at least as early as the second century

Rood: A large crucifix; esp. one set above the chancel entrance

Saltire (St. Andrew's cross): Lines run diagonally; a cross rotated by 45 degrees. Called St. Andrew's cross because Saint Andrew is believed to have suffered a martyr's death on such a cross,

Upsidedown Latin cross: associated with St. Peter

For other types of crosses, see Wikipedia: Cross and Old Cemeteries Society of Victoria: Cross Types and Fish Eaters

Furniture: X stretcher: Used to connect the four supports of a chair or piece of furniture, and to reinforce them.

Examples from Buffalo architecture:

Illustration above: Greek cross, stained window - Delaware Avenue Baptist Church

Greek cross: Holy Angels RC Church

Latin cross: Annunciation RC Church On stained glass window

Latin cross: Buffalo Religious Arts Center/St. Francis Xavier RC Church Angel on stained glass window

Cross bottony: Annunciation RC Church Finial

Cross bottony: Buffalo Religious Arts Center/St. Francis Xavier RC Church Angel on stained glass window

Cross bottony: St. Luke's Roman Catholic Church/St. Luke's Mission of Mercy

Cross bottony: Holy Trinity Lutheran Church

Abstract crucifix: Trinity United Methodist Church, Grand Island

Other examples:

Greek cross: Altar - Philae Temple of Isis, Egypt

Eastern Orthodox: Church of the Intercession, Kizhi, Russia

Eastern Orthodox: Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus, Kizhi, Russia

Eastern Orthodox: St. Basil's Church. Moscow, Russia

Cross bottony: Interior, Cemetery Chapel, Olympia, Greece

Furniture: X stretcher